Quick Links for League and Tournament Rules
2023 West Coast Premier Game Rules
2023-24 Premier Sports Tournaments Rules and Regulations
NOTE: Any rules not listed on this page will defer to the Major League Baseball rule book also known as “big book rules.” You can access an official copy of the MLB rule book at the link below:
Pitching Rules & Regulations
Once a pitcher is removed from the mound, he is ineligible to return to that game as a pitcher, even if he remained in the game at another defensive position.
Mound Visits – 1 visit per inning, 2nd visit in an inning must result in a change. No limit per game.
Balks - big book; balks are live balls until the conclusion of the pitch/play
Third to First Move - this move is ILLEGAL; penalty is a balk
GameChanger will be the system of record for all pitch count protests. The site / tournament director will review GameChanger records to determine whether a pitch count violation has occurred
If the team being questioned does NOT use GameChanger, the site / tournament director will use their opponent’s GameChanger data to determine whether a violation has occurred. If neither team has a GameChanger account, the pitch count protest will not be upheld
Each team is STRONGLY ENCOURAGED to keep the welfare of their players at the forefront of all pitching decisions. Additionally, we have imposed the following pitch count rules for all PST events:
8U - 12U Divisions (updated as of 4/17/23)
40 pitches or less requires NO day off; 41+ requires one day off
41 to 60 pitches - 1 day rest
61-85 pitches - 2 days of rest
Maximum of 85 pitches in a single day
Maximum of 105 pitches over a 2 day period
Maximum of 125 pitches over a 3 day period
13U - 18U Divisions (updated as of 4/17/23)
Days of rest required:
40 pitches or less 0 days of rest
41 to 60 pitches 1 day of rest
61 - 85 pitches 2 days of rest
86+ pitches 3 days of rest
Maximum of 105 pitches in a single day
Maximum of 125 pitches over a 2 day period
Maximum of 150 pitches in a single event
NOTE: Pitchers will be allowed to finish out the batter when they hit a pitch count threshold during an at-bat. Days of rest needed will be determined by the FINAL pitch count, regardless of what the number was when the pitcher started his final at-bat
For example, if a pitcher started his final at-bat at 37 pitches and finished the at-bat at 42 pitches when removed from the game, one day of rest is required
All protests of pitch count violations must happen during the game, and only apply to the current pitcher. No protests will be considered once a game has concluded, or on pitchers that have already been removed from the mound..
Process of a pitch count protest is as follows:
Coach must ask for time and alert the umpires that he/she is submitting a pitch count protest. $100 cash is required for all filed protests. The cash will be refunded if the protest is deemed successful. For all denied protests, the $100 is non-refundable
Umpires will contact the site / tournament director and alert them of the protest
If it is determined that a pitch count violation has occurred, the pitcher must IMMEDIATELY be replaced on the mound. The pitcher and head coach will be ejected from the game, and the head coach will also be suspended for the team’s next game
Determining Home Team
For all pool play games, the home team will be determined by a coin flip. Teams winning the flip will have the option to choose home or visitor
For bracket play, the higher seed will have the option to choose home or visitor for that contest
If both teams are the same seed from their respective pool, the home team will be determined by a coin flip. Teams winning the flip will have the option to choose home or visitor
Mercy Rules
For ALL AGES, the following mercy rules will apply:
12 runs after 3 innings (or 2 ½ if the home team is ahead)
10 runs after 4 innings (or 3 ½ if the home team is ahead)
8 runs after 5 innings (or 4 ½ if the home team is ahead)
For the 8U DIVISION, a maximum of 5 runs can be scored per half-inning. The half-inning is considered complete when a team gets 3 outs or 5 runs; whatever comes first
For the last declared inning, the maximum run per inning rule is waived; teams can score unlimited runs
Tie Games
For all pool play and/or consolation games:
In the 8U - 14U divisions, in pool play or consolation games, if the game is tied after regulation, the game will be deemed a tie regardless of if the time limit has been reached
(EX) A 12U game is tied 2-2 at the end of 6 innings with 15 minutes remaining in the time limit. The game will be deemed complete and the result of the game will be considered a tie
For the High School (15U - 18U) divisions, in pool play or consolation games, if the game is tied after 7 completed innings and there is time left, the game will be played until a winner is determined OR the time limit is reached. Once the time limit is reached, at the conclusion of that inning the game is still tied, then it would be recorded as a tie
(EX) A 16U game is tied 4-4 after 7 innings, with 10 minutes remaining in the time limit. The game will resume until a winner is determined or the time limit is reached. Each half-inning will start with the bases loaded and 1 out, with the three previous batters in the batting order being placed on 3rd, 2nd, & 1st base respectively.
For example, if the 5th position in the batting order is due up, the player in the 4th batting position in the lineup is placed on 3B, 3rd batting position is placed on 2B, 2nd batting position is placed on 1B.
If the game is still tied after the time limit is reached, it would be recorded as a tie
Games ending in a tie will count as a ½ win & a ½ loss for the purposes of determining the pool play standings
Bracket Play - Extra Inning Rules
For all bracket games where a winner must be determined in order to advance to the next round, the game will be played until a winner is determined.
Each half-inning (following regulation or the time limit) will start with the bases loaded and 1 out, with the three previous batters in the batting order being placed on 3rd, 2nd, & 1st base respectively.
For example, if the 5th position in the batting order is due up, the player in the 4th batting position in the lineup is placed on 3B, 3rd batting position is placed on 2B, 2nd batting position is placed on 1B.
For consolation games with NO advancement to the next round, if the game is tied after regulation, the game will be deemed a tie regardless of if the time limit has been reached
Lineup & Substitution Rules
Lineup Rules - The batting lineup may consist of 9 players, 10 players with an extra hitter (EH – see below), or their entire roster. A copy of each team’s lineup must be given to the umpires at the plate meeting.
(EX) If a team’s roster consists of 13 players, they can choose to bat 9, 10 (w/EH or EH & DH) or 13 - they may not choose to bat 11 or 12
In the case of batting 10 players or the entire roster, all players not currently playing in the field would be considered Extra Hitters (EH). The following rules apply:
The EH is just an additional player in the batting order that can move into and out of the field on defense freely. Consider the EH the 10th (or 11th, or 12th, …) defensive position
Use of the EH is optional and must be declared on the official lineup card prior to the game
Teams starting the game with one or more EHs must finish the game with those EHs. If players are removed from the lineup for whatever reason (injury, etc.), the spot of the player removed from the lineup will result in an automatic out
When batting 9 or 10 players, teams also have the option of using a Designated Hitter (DH). PST uses the High School (NFHS) rule - you are eligible to DH for anyone in the lineup. If you choose to enter your designated hitter into the field, the player he was hitting for must be removed from the lineup
When batting 9 or 10 players, high school substitution rules apply - starters are eligible to re-enter the game one time in their original spot in the batting order
Regardless of lineup construction, teams are allowed free defensive substitutions throughout the game. A player may enter the game defensively at any time without entering the batting lineup
The only time a player should report as an eligible substitute is when replacing another player in the batting order (applies when teams are batting 9 or 10 players). This is NOT a requirement per Official Baseball Rules; it just serves as a courtesy to the umpires and the opposing team.
NOTE: The free defensive substitution rule does NOT apply to the pitcher
Other In-Game Rules
Intentional Walks – teams simply need to request to the umpire to issue an intentional walk
Sliding – the high school force play/slide rule is in effect. Players must go straight into the bag on force play sides; no malicious contact
Possession – defensive players must have possession of the ball to block a base or home plate
Head first slides - allowed in ALL divisions
For all non-leadoff divisions - when a runner is deemed to leave the base prior to the ball crossing the plate:
If the ball is not put in play, the runner that left early must return to the base he came from
If the ball is put in play, upon completion of the play, the runner that left early must be returned to the last unoccupied base - he can only advance to the base that the hitter forces him to. If the runner that left early is called out, the out will stand as called
Courtesy runners - allowed for the current pitcher and catcher WITH 2 OUTS only
If you are not batting your entire team, the courtesy runner can be anyone NOT CURRENTLY in the batting order - they do not have to be an eligible substitute. The same player cannot run for both the pitcher and the catcher in the same inning
If you are batting your entire team, the courtesy runner MUST BE the last batted out
Coaches / Team Personnel - We ask that each team has no more than four (4) coaches / team personnel in the dugout for games
For 8U divisions, runners may ONLY advance to home via batted ball, or be forced in via walk or hit by pitch. Runners will not be allowed to score by stealing home or advancing on wild pitches / passed balls.
Seeding and Tiebreakers
Divisions (and pools within divisions) will be seeded from top to bottom based on pool play record. If ties exist, the following tiebreaker criteria will be used:
Head-to-Head record (in the case of a two-way tie or when all tied teams have played each other)
Total runs allowed (ranked fewest to most)
Run differential (max +/- 8 per game)
Total runs scored
Fewest runs allowed in a single game
(EX) If a team allowed 3 runs in one game and 5 in the other, the tiebreaker score would be 3
Most runs scored in a single game
(EX) If a team scored 3 runs in one game and 5 in the other, the tiebreaker score would be 5
Last actual run differential - the ACTUAL run differential in the last completed pool play game
Coin flip
EXAMPLE
Teams A, B and C all finish at 2-1 in pool play, and did not all play each other. Since head-to-head record would not break this tie, you move to step 2 above (runs allowed).
Team A = 7 runs allowed
Team B = 10 runs allowed
Team C = 13 runs allowed
In this scenario, Team A is seeded #1, Team B seeded #2 and Team C seeded #3
NOTES:
Games ending in a tie will count as a ½ win & a ½ loss for the purposes of determining the pool play standings
(EX) A 2-1 record in pool play is the same as a 1-0-2 record
We will never revert back to a previous tie breaker once a tie has been broken
Pool protection - we reserve the right to change matchups in the first round of bracket play to avoid pool play rematches and/or interprogram matchups. The goal here is to create unique matchups within the same event as much as possible. If pool or program protection results in
Forfeits
Teams who are unable to attend a game during the event will be required to take a forfeit
All forfeits will be scored 7-0
Teams that end up forfeiting games will receive no refund. Additionally, they will be expected to cover the costs of any refunds that need to be sent to their opponent due to their opponent not meeting their minimum game guarantee for the event
Sportsmanship
All players, coaches, and fans will be expected to conduct themselves in a sportsmanlike manner at all times. Razzing, heckling, taunting and making disparaging remarks to the opposing team and/or umpires will not be tolerated
Any player, coach, or fan whose conduct is unbecoming, malicious or abusive, will, at a minimum, be removed from the premises at the discretion of the Tournament Director, Umpire-in-Chief and umpires
Only the coach that attends the plate meeting will be allowed to discuss game situations with an official or ask questions on the field. If you do not attend the plate meeting, DO NOT try to go out on the field - this may result in an ejection from the game. This rule applies to assistant coaches and program directors, along with anyone else that did not attend the pre-game plate meeting.
Ejection Policy
Players / Coach Ejections
Any player or coach ejection will result in a one-game suspension, to be served in the next tournament game
For all player ejections, the player should remain in the dugout
For all coach ejections, the coach must leave the complex immediately and be out of sight from game officials. Failure to comply with this directive will result in forfeiture of the game
If the same player or coach is ejected for a 2nd time (either in the current tournament or any future Premier Sports Tournaments event), he or she will be suspended for the remainder of the tournament
If the same player or coach is ejected for a 3rd time, that player or coach will be suspended for the remainder of the current tournament season
Fan / Parent Ejections
Any fan or parent ejections will result in removal from the complex. The fan or parent in question will not be permitted back into the complex for the remainder of the tournament
A second fan or parent ejection for the same team will result in the removal of ALL FANS for that given team. This fan restriction will remain in place for that team for the remainder of the current event
Alcohol Policy
Alcohol will not be permitted within the complex at any Premier Sports Tournaments event. This offense will result in immediate removal from the complex, and the above fan ejection policies will apply
Team No Shows
Teams are expected to honor their commitment to the tournament and play in all scheduled games. Teams that no show games that result in their opponent’s not reaching their game minimum may be billed the amount of the refund owed to the opponent who fell short of their tournament game guarantee
Field Restriction Violations
Many of our turf fields have sunflower seed and metal cleat restrictions. Failure to comply with the rules of the complex could lead to fines and potential ejections of players and coaches. Please pay special attention to the restrictions of the complexes that your teams are playing on.
Protests
Protests can be made on rules interpretations only - judgment calls are not subject to protest
All protests must happen immediately prior to the next pitch being thrown. Once play resumes, the opportunity to protest is lost
To initiate a protest, coaches should calmly request time out and inform one of the umpires that you would like to file a protest. At that moment, the game will stop and a PST tournament director will be contacted to resolve the protest
$100 cash is required for all filed protests. The cash will be refunded if the protest is deemed successful. For all denied protests, the $100 is non-refundable
Conflict Resolution
As with any competitive situation, conflicts are sure to arise over the course of the events. Premier Sports Tournaments directors are committed to ruling on all conflicts in a way that is both (1) fair to the teams involved and (2) good for the tournament as a whole
JBO Rules
Age Determination
A player’s age for any Premier Sports Tournaments events is the actual age of a child on May 1, 2023
A player that turns 12 on or before May 1st would be considered 12 years old for PST play
A player that turns 12 anytime after May 1st would be considered 11 years old for PST play
Players are always eligible to play in an age division above their current age (I.E. 11 year olds can play in the 12U division). Premier Sports Tournaments also strongly recommends players play with their grade / graduating class to align with players they will be competing with in high school.
NOTE - PST will allow players to play in the same grade as long as proof of grade is provided to the respective tournament director prior to any games being played
Umpires
Premier Sports Tournaments will strive to provide a minimum of two (2) umpires for every tournament contest. In some cases, all non-leadoff divisions may only have one (1) umpire assigned to ensure coverage for all tournament games.
We will attempt to stay on schedule as much as possible. Teams should do their best to be warmed up and prepared to play at their scheduled game times, regardless of when the game being played in front of them ends. Player health and safety will be first and foremost, but please show a sense of urgency when getting players & pitchers warmed up for your games if the prior game runs longer than expected
Determining Home Team
For all pool play games, the home team will be determined by a coin flip. Teams winning the flip will have the option to choose home or visitor
For bracket play, the higher seed will have the option to choose home or visitor for that contest
If both teams are the same seed from their respective pool, the home team will be determined by a coin flip. Teams winning the flip will have the option to choose home or visitor
Mercy Rules
For ALL AGES, the following mercy rules will apply:
12 runs after 3 innings (or 2 ½ if the home team is ahead)
10 runs after 4 innings (or 3 ½ if the home team is ahead)
8 runs after 5 innings (or 4 ½ if the home team is ahead)
For the 8U DIVISION, a maximum of 5 runs can be scored per half-inning. The half-inning is considered complete when a team gets 3 outs or 5 runs; whatever comes first
For the last declared inning, the maximum run per inning rule is waived; teams can score unlimited runs
Tie Games
For all pool play and/or consolation games:
In the 8U - 14U divisions, in pool play or consolation games, if the game is tied after regulation, the game will be deemed a tie regardless of if the time limit has been reached
(EX) A 12U game is tied 2-2 at the end of 6 innings with 15 minutes remaining in the time limit. The game will be deemed complete and the result of the game will be considered a tie
For the High School (15U - 18U) divisions, in pool play or consolation games, if the game is tied after 7 completed innings and there is time left, the game will be played until a winner is determined OR the time limit is reached. Once the time limit is reached, at the conclusion of that inning the game is still tied, then it would be recorded as a tie
(EX) A 16U game is tied 4-4 after 7 innings, with 10 minutes remaining in the time limit. The game will resume until a winner is determined or the time limit is reached. If the game is still tied after the time limit is reached, it would be recorded as a tie
Games ending in a tie will count as a ½ win & a ½ loss for the purposes of determining the pool play standings
Bracket Play - Extra Inning Rules
For all bracket games where a winner must be determined in order to advance to the next round, the game will be played until a winner is determined
Once the time limit has been reached, all additional innings will be played starting with a runner on second base (last batted out from the previous inning) and NO outs, until one team wins the game
For consolation games with NO advancement to the next round, if the game is tied after regulation, the game will be deemed a tie regardless of if the time limit has been reached
Pitching Rules & Regulations
Once a pitcher is removed from the mound, he is ineligible to return to that game as a pitcher, even if he remained in the game at another defensive position.
Mound Visits – 1 visit per inning, 2nd visit in an inning must result in a change. No limit per game.
Balks - big book; balks are live balls until the conclusion of the pitch/play
Third to First Move - this move is ILLEGAL; penalty is a balk
Each team is STRONGLY ENCOURAGED to follow USA Pitch Smart Guidelines, keeping the welfare of their players at the forefront of all pitching decisions. Additionally, we have imposed the following pitch count rules for all PST events:
8U - 12U Divisions
40 pitches or less requires NO day off; 41+ requires one day off
Maximum of 85 pitches in a single day
Maximum of 105 pitches over a 2 day period
Maximum of 125 pitches over a 3 day period
13U - 18U Divisions
Maximum of 105 pitches in a single day
Managing rest will be left up to individual coaches
NOTE: Pitchers will be allowed to finish out the batter when they hit a pitch count threshold during an at-bat. Days of rest needed will be determined by the FINAL pitch count, regardless of what the number was when the pitcher started his final at-bat
For example, if a pitcher started his final at-bat at 37 pitches and finished the at-bat at 42 pitches when removed from the game, one day of rest is required
All protests of pitch count violations must happen during the game. No protests will be considered once a game has concluded. Process of a pitch count protest is as follows:
Coach must ask for time and alert the umpires that he/she is submitting a pitch count protest. $100 cash is required for all filed protests. The cash will be refunded if the protest is deemed successful. For all denied protests, the $100 is non-refundable
Umpires will contact the site / tournament director and alert them of the protest
GameChanger will be the system of record for all pitch count protests. The site / tournament director will review GameChanger records to determine whether a pitch count violation has occurred
If the team being questioned does NOT use GameChanger, the site / tournament director will use their opponent’s GameChanger data to determine whether a violation has occurred. If neither team has a GameChanger account, the pitch count protest will not be upheld
If it is determined that a pitch count violation has occurred, the pitcher must IMMEDIATELY be replaced on the mound. The pitcher and head coach will be ejected from the game, and the head coach will also be suspended for the team’s next game
Lineup & Substitution Rules
Lineup Rules - The batting lineup may consist of 9 players, 10 players with an extra hitter (EH – see below), or their entire roster
(EX) If a team’s roster consists of 13 players, they can choose to bat 9, 10 (w/EH) or 13 - they may not choose to bat 11 or 12
In the case of batting 10 players or the entire roster, all players not currently playing in the field would be considered Extra Hitters (EH). The following rules apply:
The EH is just an additional player in the batting order that can move into and out of the field on defense freely. Consider the EH the 10th (or 11th, or 12th, …) defensive position
Use of the EH is optional and must be declared on the official lineup card prior to the game
Teams starting the game with one or more EHs must finish the game with those EHs. If players are removed from the lineup for whatever reason (injury, etc.), the spot of the player removed from the lineup will result in an automatic out
When batting 9 or 10 players, teams also have the option of using a Designated Hitter (DH). PST uses the High School (NFHS) rule - you are eligible to DH for anyone in the lineup. If you choose to enter your designated hitter into the field, the player he was hitting for must be removed from the lineup
When batting 9 or 10 players, high school substitution rules apply - starters are eligible to re-enter the game once in their original spot in the lineup
Regardless of lineup construction, teams are allowed free defensive substitutions throughout the game. A player may enter the game defensively at any time without entering the batting lineup
The only time a player must report as an eligible substitute is when replacing another player in the batting order (applies when teams are batting 9 or 10 players)
NOTE: The free defensive substitution rule does NOT apply to the pitcher
Other In-Game Rules
Intentional Walks – teams simply need to request to the umpire to issue an intentional walk
Sliding – the force play/slide rule is in effect. Players must go straight into the bag on force play sides; no malicious contact
Possession – defensive players must have possession of the ball to block a base or home plate
Head first slides - allowed in ALL divisions
For all non-leadoff divisions - when a runner is deemed to leave the base prior to the ball crossing the plate:
If the ball is not put in play, the runner that left early must return to the base he came from
If the ball is put in play, upon completion of the play, the runner that left early must be returned to the last unoccupied base - he can only advance to the base that the hitter forces him to. If the runner that left early is called out, the out will stand as called
Courtesy runners - to encourage all players to learn how to run the bases, there will be NO courtesy runners allowed in Premier Sports Tournaments play
Seeding and Tiebreakers
Divisions (and pools within divisions) will be seeded from top to bottom based on pool play record. If ties exist, the following tiebreaker criteria will be used:
Head-to-Head record (in the case of a two-way tie or when all tied teams have played each other)
Total runs allowed (ranked fewest to most)
Run differential (max +/- 8 per game)
Total runs scored
Fewest runs allowed in a single game
(EX) If a team allowed 3 runs in one game and 5 in the other, the tiebreaker score would be 3
Most runs scored in a single game
(EX) If a team scored 3 runs in one game and 5 in the other, the tiebreaker score would be 5
Last actual run differential - the ACTUAL run differential in the last completed pool play game
Coin flip
EXAMPLE
Teams A, B and C all finish at 2-1 in pool play, and did not all play each other. Since head-to-head record would not break this tie, you move to step 2 above (runs allowed).
Team A = 7 runs allowed
Team B = 10 runs allowed
Team C = 13 runs allowed
In this scenario, Team A is seeded #1, Team B seeded #2 and Team C seeded #3
NOTES:
Games ending in a tie will count as a ½ win & a ½ loss for the purposes of determining the pool play standings
(EX) A 2-1 record in pool play is the same as a 1-0-2 record
We will never revert back to a previous tie breaker once a tie has been broken
Pool protection - we reserve the right to change matchups in the first round of bracket play to avoid pool play rematches and/or interprogram matchups. The goal here is to create unique matchups within the same event as much as possible. If pool or program protection results in
Forfeits
Teams who are unable to attend a game during the event will be required to take a forfeit
All forfeits will be scored 7-0
Teams that end up forfeiting games will receive no refund. Additionally, they will be expected to cover the costs of any refunds that need to be sent to their opponent due to their opponent not meeting their minimum game guarantee for the event
Sportsmanship
All players, coaches, and fans will be expected to conduct themselves in a sportsmanlike manner at all times. Razzing, heckling, taunting and making disparaging remarks to the opposing team and/or umpires will not be tolerated
Any player, coach, or fan whose conduct is unbecoming, malicious or abusive, will, at a minimum, be removed from the premises at the discretion of the Tournament Director, Umpire-in-Chief and umpires
Only the coach that attends the plate meeting will be allowed to discuss game situations with an official or ask questions on the field. If you do not attend the plate meeting, DO NOT try to go out on the field - this may result in an ejection from the game. This rule applies to assistant coaches and program directors, along with anyone else that did not attend the pre-game plate meeting.
Ejection Policy
Players / Coach Ejections
Any player or coach ejection will result in a one-game suspension, to be served in the next tournament game
For all player ejections, the player should remain in the dugout
For all coach ejections, the coach must leave the complex immediately and be out of site from game officials. Failure to comply with this directive will result in forfeiture of the game
If the same player or coach is ejected for a 2nd time (either in the current tournament or any future Premier Sports Tournaments event), he or she will be suspended for the remainder of the tournament
If the same player or coach is ejected for a 3rd time, that player or coach will be suspended for the remainder of the current tournament season
Fan / Parent Ejections
Any fan or parent ejections will result in removal from the complex. The fan or parent in question will not be permitted back into the complex for the remainder of the tournament
A second fan or parent ejection for the same team will result in the removal of ALL FANS for that given team. This fan restriction will remain in place for that team for the remainder of the current event
Alcohol Policy
Alcohol will not be permitted within the complex at any Premier Sports Tournaments event. This offense will result in immediate removal from the complex, and the above fan ejection policies will apply
Team No Shows
Teams are expected to honor their commitment to the tournament and play in all scheduled games. Teams that no show games that result in their opponent’s not reaching their game minimum may be billed the amount of the refund owed to the opponent who fell short of their tournament game guarantee
Field Restriction Violations
Many of our turf fields have sunflower seed and metal cleat restrictions. Failure to comply with the rules of the complex could lead to fines and potential ejections of players and coaches. Please pay special attention to the restrictions of the complexes that your teams are playing on.
Protests
Protests can be made on rules interpretations only - judgment calls are not subject to protest
All protests must happen immediately prior to the next pitch being thrown. Once play resumes, the opportunity to protest is lost
To initiate a protest, coaches should calmly request time out and inform one of the umpires that you would like to file a protest. At that moment, the game will stop and a PST tournament director will be contacted to resolve the protest
$100 cash is required for all filed protests. The cash will be refunded if the protest is deemed successful. For all denied protests, the $100 is non-refundable
Conflict Resolution
As with any competitive situation, conflicts are sure to arise over the course of the events. Premier Sports Tournaments directors are committed to ruling on all conflicts in a way that is both (1) fair to the teams involved and (2) good for the tournament as a whole